Completing the Square Explained Step by Step
PennPaper Team
Completing the square rewrites a quadratic so one side is a perfect square like (x + 3)². Once it is in that shape, you can solve by taking a square root. It is also the method behind vertex form and the quadratic formula itself.
Najważniejsza myśl
For x² + bx, adding (b/2)² makes a perfect square: x² + bx + (b/2)² = (x + b/2)². Add the same amount to both sides to keep the equation balanced.
Kolejne kroki
- Move the constant term to the right side. If a is not 1, divide every term by a first.
- Take half of b and square it.
- Add that number to both sides, then write the left side as a squared binomial.
- Take the square root of both sides (remember ±) and solve for x.
Przykład z rozwiązaniem
Solve x² + 6x − 7 = 0 by completing the square.
Pełne rozwiązanie
Rozwiązanie krok po kroku
Krok 1
Add 7 to both sides so the x terms are alone on the left.
Krok 2
Half of 6 is 3, and 3² is 9. Add 9 to both sides: the right side becomes 16.
Krok 3
The left side is now the perfect square (x + 3)².
Krok 4
Square root both sides: x + 3 = ±4, so x = 1 or x = −7.
Częsty błąd
Add (b/2)² to both sides, not just the left. Adding it to one side only changes the equation and gives the wrong answers.
Zadania do samodzielnego rozwiązania
- Solve x² + 4x − 5 = 0 by completing the square.
- Solve x² − 8x + 12 = 0 by completing the square.
- Solve x² + 2x − 2 = 0 by completing the square.
Odpowiedzi
- x = 1 or x = −5
- x = 6 or x = 2
- x = −1 ± √3
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